Report Code : CVMI24071837 | Published Date : July 16, 2024

1 | Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Overview

 

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a valuable biopolymer used widely in pharmaceuticals, medical devices, aesthetic medicine, and personal care. The global HA raw material market includes pharmaceutical- and cosmetic-grade HA produced through microbial fermentation (mainly Streptococcus spp. and engineered microbial strains) and extraction from animal sources. Demand is fueled by HA’s hydrating, viscoelastic, and biocompatible properties, which make it essential for dermal fillers, ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs), wound care products, intra-articular injections for osteoarthritis, and topical cosmetics.

Market dynamics are influenced by regulatory scrutiny of source and purity, the shift to non-animal (microbial) production, and innovations in molecular-weight control that enable product customization (low-, medium-, high-, and cross-linked HA) for specific applications.

 

2 | Market Size and Forecast

Year

Market Value (USD Billion)

Notes

2019

2.1

Historical benchmark

2024

3.9

Five‑year CAGR ~14.3%

2031

9.6

Seven‑year CAGR ~13.5%

Growth is supported by aesthetic procedure uptake, ageing populations in developed markets, and rising skincare spending in APAC.

 

3 | Key Market Drivers

  • Rising Demand in Aesthetic Medicine: Dermal fillers remain the largest application by value.
  • Pharmaceutical Applications: Ophthalmic and orthopedic formulations require high-purity HA.
  • Personal Care and Cosmetics: Widely used in moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging products.
  • Shift to Microbial Fermentation: Non-animal sourced HA reduces allergenicity and enhances supply stability.
  • Tailored Molecular Weights and Cross-linking: Facilitates product differentiation and premium pricing.

 

4 | Market Challenges

  • Raw Material Price Volatility: Fluctuations in feedstock and fermentation costs impact margins.
  • Strict regulatory and quality standards for pharmaceutical-grade HA.
  • Counterfeit and low-quality imports in some regions undermine pricing.
  • IP and process barriers hinder the development of engineered microbial strains.

 

5 | Competitive Landscape
 

The HA raw material market is led by a mix of specialty biotech manufacturers and ingredient conglomerates. Competition is on product purity, molecular-weight ranges, sterility, and supply reliability.

Market Share Estimates (2024):

Company

Estimated Market Share

Key Strengths

Contipro A.S.

16%

Broad portfolio of pharmaceutical‑ and cosmetic‑grade HA

Shiseido / Biotech unit partners

13%

Strong APAC cosmetic distribution

Bloomage BioTechnology (Bloomage Biotech)

12%

Large fermentation capacity, vertical integration

Görög Pharmaceutical / other regional suppliers

10%

Niche medical‑grade HA and customized grades

Others (Formosa, LG Chem, CPN, smaller biotech)

49%

Regional players, contract manufacturing

 

6 | Market Segmentation
By Source:

  • Microbial Fermentation (non‑animal)
  • Animal‑Derived (limited, niche)

By Grade:

  • Cosmetic Grade
  • Pharmaceutical Grade (sterile, endotoxin‑controlled)
  • Medical Device Grade (cross‑linked, injectable)

By Molecular Weight:

  • Low Molecular Weight (<200 kDa)
  • Medium Molecular Weight (200–1000 kDa)
  • High Molecular Weight (>1000 kDa)
  • Cross‑linked HA (dermal fillers)

By Application:

  • Aesthetic & Dermal Fillers
  • Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices (OVD)
  • Orthopaedic (Intra‑articular injections)
  • Wound Care & Tissue Engineering
  • Personal Care & Cosmetics

By Region:

  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia‑Pacific
  • Latin America
  • Middle East & Africa

 

7 | Strategic Outlook
 

Suppliers will compete through capacity expansion (fermentation scale-up), vertical integration (combining HA production with filler or finished-good lines), and the development of proprietary cross-linking chemistries. Regulatory-compliant sterile manufacturing for pharmaceutical customers is a high-value capability. Asia-Pacific will remain the fastest-growing regional demand pool due to beauty trends and medical tourism.






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  1. 1. Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report
    1. 1.1 Study Objectives
    2. 1.2 Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market - Overview
    3. 1.3 Reason to Read This Report
    4. 1.4 Methodology and Forecast Analysis
    2. Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report - Preface
    1. 2.1 Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report – Detailed Scope and Definitions
      1. 2.1.1 By Grade
      2. 2.1.2 By Application
      3. 2.1.3 By End User
      4. 2.1.4 By Region
    3. Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Dynamics
    1. 3.1. Drivers - Macro-Economic Based, Supply Side, and Demand Side Drivers
    2. 3.2. Restraints – By Grade, By Application, By End User, By Country
    3. 3.3. Opportunities – By Grade, By Application, By End User, By Country
    4. 3.4. Trends – By Grade, By Application, By End User, By Country
    5. 3.5. PEST Analysis
    6. 3.6. Porters Five Rule Analysis
    7. 3.7. Company’s Share Analysis (CSA) by Region or By Country
    8. 3.8. Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report – DROTs Impact Analysis
    4. Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report, Historic Data 2019 - 2023 and Forecast Analysis Data 2024 - 2031
    1. 4.1. Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    2. 4.2. Annual Market Trend Assessment – Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth Analysis (%)
    3. 4.3. Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031
    4. 4.4. Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    5. Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market, By Grade, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 5.1 Cosmetic Grade
      1. 5.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 5.2 Pharmaceutical Grade
      1. 5.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 5.3 Food Grade
      1. 5.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market, By Application, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 6.1 Dermatology
      1. 6.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 6.2 Osteoarthritis
      1. 6.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 6.3 Ophthalmology
      1. 6.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    4. 6.4 Others
      1. 6.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    7. Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market, By End User, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 7.1 Pharmaceutical Companies
      1. 7.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 7.2 Cosmetic Companies
      1. 7.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 7.3 Food Companies
      1. 7.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    8. Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Forecast, By Region, 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 8.1 North America
      1. 8.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 8.2 Europe
      1. 8.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 8.3 Asia-Pacific
      1. 8.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    4. 8.4 Latin America
      1. 8.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    5. 8.5 Middle East & Africa
      1. 8.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. 8.6 Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market - Opportunity Analysis Index, By Grade, By Application, By End User, and Region, 2024 - 2031
    9. North America Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 9.1 By Grade Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.1.1 Cosmetic Grade
      2. 9.1.2 Pharmaceutical Grade
      3. 9.1.3 Food Grade
      9.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.2.1 Dermatology
      2. 9.2.2 Osteoarthritis
      3. 9.2.3 Ophthalmology
      4. 9.2.4 Others
      9.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.3.1 Pharmaceutical Companies
      2. 9.3.2 Cosmetic Companies
      3. 9.3.3 Food Companies
      9.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.4.1 United States
      2. 9.4.2 Canada
      9.5 North America Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Grade, By Application, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      9.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      9.7 North America Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 9.7.1 Company 1 (United States)
      2. 9.7.2 Company 2 (Canada)
      3. 9.7.3 Company 3 (Canada)
    10. Europe Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 10.1 By Grade Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.1.1 Cosmetic Grade
      2. 10.1.2 Pharmaceutical Grade
      3. 10.1.3 Food Grade
      10.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.2.1 Dermatology
      2. 10.2.2 Osteoarthritis
      3. 10.2.3 Ophthalmology
      4. 10.2.4 Others
      10.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.3.1 Pharmaceutical Companies
      2. 10.3.2 Cosmetic Companies
      3. 10.3.3 Food Companies
      10.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.4.1 Germany
      2. 10.4.2 United Kingdom
      3. 10.4.3 France
      4. 10.4.4 Spain
      5. 10.4.5 Italy
      6. 10.4.6 Russia
      7. 10.4.7 Netherlands
      8. 10.4.8 Poland
      9. 10.4.9 Rest of Europe
      10.5 Europe Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Grade, By Application, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      10.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      10.7 Europe Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 10.7.1 Company 1 (Germany)
      2. 10.7.2 Company 2 (United Kingdom)
      3. 10.7.3 Company 3 (United Kingdom)
    11. Asia-Pacific Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 11.1 By Grade Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.1.1 Cosmetic Grade
      2. 11.1.2 Pharmaceutical Grade
      3. 11.1.3 Food Grade
      11.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.2.1 Dermatology
      2. 11.2.2 Osteoarthritis
      3. 11.2.3 Ophthalmology
      4. 11.2.4 Others
      11.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.3.1 Pharmaceutical Companies
      2. 11.3.2 Cosmetic Companies
      3. 11.3.3 Food Companies
      11.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.4.1 China
      2. 11.4.2 Japan
      3. 11.4.3 India
      4. 11.4.4 South Korea
      5. 11.4.5 Australia & NZ
      6. 11.4.6 ASEAN
      7. 11.4.7 Rest of Asia-Pacific
      11.5 Asia-Pacific Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Grade, By Application, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      11.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      11.7 Asia-Pacific Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 11.7.1 Company 1 (China)
      2. 11.7.2 Company 2 (Japan)
      3. 11.7.3 Company 3 (Japan)
    12. Latin America Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 12.1 By Grade Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.1.1 Cosmetic Grade
      2. 12.1.2 Pharmaceutical Grade
      3. 12.1.3 Food Grade
      12.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.2.1 Dermatology
      2. 12.2.2 Osteoarthritis
      3. 12.2.3 Ophthalmology
      4. 12.2.4 Others
      12.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.3.1 Pharmaceutical Companies
      2. 12.3.2 Cosmetic Companies
      3. 12.3.3 Food Companies
      12.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.4.1 Brazil
      2. 12.4.2 Mexico
      3. 12.4.3 Argentina
      4. 12.4.4 Peru
      5. 12.4.5 Colombia
      6. 12.4.6 Rest of Latin America
      12.5 Latin America Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Grade, By Application, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      12.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      12.7 Latin America Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 12.7.1 Company 1 (Brazil)
      2. 12.7.2 Company 2 (Mexico)
      3. 12.7.3 Company 3 (Mexico)
    13. Middle East & Africa Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 13.1 By Grade Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.1.1 Cosmetic Grade
      2. 13.1.2 Pharmaceutical Grade
      3. 13.1.3 Food Grade
      13.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.2.1 Dermatology
      2. 13.2.2 Osteoarthritis
      3. 13.2.3 Ophthalmology
      4. 13.2.4 Others
      13.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.3.1 Pharmaceutical Companies
      2. 13.3.2 Cosmetic Companies
      3. 13.3.3 Food Companies
      13.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.4.1 Saudi Arabia
      2. 13.4.2 UAE
      3. 13.4.3 South Africa
      4. 13.4.4 Egypt
      5. 13.4.5 Israel
      6. 13.4.6 Rest of Middle East and Africa
      13.5 Middle East & Africa Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Grade, By Application, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      13.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      13.7 Middle East & Africa Global Hyaluronic Acid Raw Material Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 13.7.1 Company 1 (Saudi Arabia)
      2. 13.7.2 Company 2 (UAE)
      3. 13.7.3 Company 3 (UAE)
    14. Competition Landscape
    1. 14.1 Strategic Dashboard of Top Market Players
      14.2 Company Profiles (Introduction, Financial Assessments, Portfolio of Offerings, Milestones and Achievements, Strategic Initiative, and SWOT Analysis)
      1. 14.2.1 Shiseido Company
      2. 14.2.2 Contipro a.s.
      3. 14.2.3 Seikagaku Corporation
      4. 14.2.4 Kewpie Corporation
    15. Data Collection Method and Research Approach
    16. Principal Presumptions and Acronyms



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