Report Code : CVMI2312241 | Published Date : March 3, 2025

The global cargo handling equipment market was valued at USD 28.4 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 52.7 billion by 2031, growing at an 8.4% CAGR (ClearView Market Insights, 2024). Growth is driven by e-commerce logistics expansion, port automation, and sustainable equipment mandates.

2. Technological Breakthroughs (2024)

2.1 Automation & Robotics

  • Konecranes' AutoRTG:
    • AI-powered rubber-tired gantry cranes with 15% energy savings
    • 95% accuracy in container tracking using computer vision
  • Hyster's Autonomous ReachStackers:
    • Lidar navigation for 24/7 operation in all weather
    • 30% faster container moves vs manual

2.2 Alternative Power Systems

Technology

Application

Advantage

Hydrogen Fuel Cells (Hyster)

Port tractors

Zero emissions, 8-hr runtime

Lithium-Ion Batteries (Kalmar)

Electric straddle carriers

4X faster charging than lead-acid

Hybrid Diesel-Electric (Liebherr)

Ship-to-shore cranes

45% fuel reduction

2.3 Smart Maintenance

  • Cargotec's HiTech:
    • Predictive maintenance with 90% fault detection accuracy
    • IoT sensors monitor 5,000+ data points per machine

3. Equipment Segment Innovations

3.1 Container Handlers (XX% Market Share)

  • Kalmar's Eco Reachstacker:
    • 25% lower energy use with regenerative braking
  • Liebherr's LPS 420:
    • AI-assisted load balancing prevents tip-overs

3.2 Airport Ground Support (XX%)

  • TLD's e-Towbarless Tractors:
    • 400kW motors for A380 aircraft movement
  • Charlatte's Autonomous Baggage Tugs:
    • Computer vision for collision-free operation

3.3 Bulk Material Handlers (18%)

  • Sennebogen's 880 E:
    • Hybrid power for coal/ore handling
    • 50% noise reduction vs diesel

4. Competitive Landscape

Company

Market Share

Flagship Product

2024 Innovation

Konecranes

24%

AutoRTG

AI-powered container stacking

Kalmar

21%

Eco Reachstacker

Regenerative braking system

Hyster-Yale

18%

Autonomous Lift Trucks

Lidar navigation

Liebherr

15%

LPS 420

AI load stabilization

Emerging Players:

  • ZPMC: 5G-enabled quay cranes
  • CyberLogitec: Digital twin port optimization

5. Regional Adoption

  • Asia-Pacific (42%): China's automated port investments ($7B in 2024)
  • North America (XX%): U.S. port electrification mandates
  • Europe (XX%): EU's Green Ports Initiative funding




Reasons To Buy

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Scope

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Key Players

  • Cargo Handling Equipment Market – Konecranes
  • Liebherr
  • Hyster-Yale
  • Toyota Industries
  • Kalmar
  • SANY Group
  • Cargotec
  • Terex Corporation
  • Anhui Heli
  • ZPMC.

Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Report

Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Report

  1. 1. Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report
    1. 1.1 Study Objectives
    2. 1.2 Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market - Overview
    3. 1.3 Reason to Read This Report
    4. 1.4 Methodology and Forecast Analysis
    2. Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report - Preface
    1. 2.1 Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report – Detailed Scope and Definitions
      1. 2.1.1 By Type
      2. 2.1.2 By Application
      3. 2.1.3 By End-user Industry
      4. 2.1.4 By Region
    3. Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Dynamics
    1. 3.1. Drivers - Macro-Economic Based, Supply Side, and Demand Side Drivers
    2. 3.2. Restraints – By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, By Country
    3. 3.3. Opportunities – By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, By Country
    4. 3.4. Trends – By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, By Country
    5. 3.5. PEST Analysis
    6. 3.6. Porters Five Rule Analysis
    7. 3.7. Company’s Share Analysis (CSA) by Region or By Country
    8. 3.8. Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report – DROTs Impact Analysis
    4. Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report, Historic Data 2019 - 2023 and Forecast Analysis Data 2024 - 2031
    1. 4.1. Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    2. 4.2. Annual Market Trend Assessment – Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth Analysis (%)
    3. 4.3. Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031
    4. 4.4. Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    5. Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market, By Type, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 5.1 Cranes
      1. 5.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 5.2 Forklifts
      1. 5.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 5.3 Conveyors
      1. 5.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    4. 5.4 Pallet Jacks
      1. 5.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market, By Application, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 6.1 Warehousing
      1. 6.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 6.2 Ports
      1. 6.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 6.3 Airports
      1. 6.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    4. 6.4 Industrial
      1. 6.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    7. Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market, By End-user Industry, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 7.1 Logistics
      1. 7.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 7.2 Warehousing
      1. 7.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 7.3 Ports
      1. 7.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    4. 7.4 Aviation.
      1. 7.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    8. Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Forecast, By Region, 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 8.1 North America
      1. 8.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 8.2 Europe
      1. 8.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 8.3 Asia-Pacific
      1. 8.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    4. 8.4 Latin America
      1. 8.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    5. 8.5 Middle East & Africa
      1. 8.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. 8.6 Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market - Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, and Region, 2024 - 2031
    9. North America Cargo Handling Equipment Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 9.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.1.1 Cranes
      2. 9.1.2 Forklifts
      3. 9.1.3 Conveyors
      4. 9.1.4 Pallet Jacks
      9.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.2.1 Warehousing
      2. 9.2.2 Ports
      3. 9.2.3 Airports
      4. 9.2.4 Industrial
      9.3 By End-user Industry Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.3.1 Logistics
      2. 9.3.2 Warehousing
      3. 9.3.3 Ports
      4. 9.3.4 Aviation.
      9.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.4.1 United States
      2. 9.4.2 Canada
      9.5 North America Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      9.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      9.7 North America Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 9.7.1 Company 1 (United States)
      2. 9.7.2 Company 2 (Canada)
      3. 9.7.3 Company 3 (Canada)
    10. Europe Cargo Handling Equipment Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 10.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.1.1 Cranes
      2. 10.1.2 Forklifts
      3. 10.1.3 Conveyors
      4. 10.1.4 Pallet Jacks
      10.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.2.1 Warehousing
      2. 10.2.2 Ports
      3. 10.2.3 Airports
      4. 10.2.4 Industrial
      10.3 By End-user Industry Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.3.1 Logistics
      2. 10.3.2 Warehousing
      3. 10.3.3 Ports
      4. 10.3.4 Aviation.
      10.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.4.1 Germany
      2. 10.4.2 United Kingdom
      3. 10.4.3 France
      4. 10.4.4 Spain
      5. 10.4.5 Italy
      6. 10.4.6 Russia
      7. 10.4.7 Netherlands
      8. 10.4.8 Poland
      9. 10.4.9 Rest of Europe
      10.5 Europe Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      10.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      10.7 Europe Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 10.7.1 Company 1 (Germany)
      2. 10.7.2 Company 2 (United Kingdom)
      3. 10.7.3 Company 3 (United Kingdom)
    11. Asia-Pacific Cargo Handling Equipment Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 11.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.1.1 Cranes
      2. 11.1.2 Forklifts
      3. 11.1.3 Conveyors
      4. 11.1.4 Pallet Jacks
      11.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.2.1 Warehousing
      2. 11.2.2 Ports
      3. 11.2.3 Airports
      4. 11.2.4 Industrial
      11.3 By End-user Industry Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.3.1 Logistics
      2. 11.3.2 Warehousing
      3. 11.3.3 Ports
      4. 11.3.4 Aviation.
      11.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.4.1 China
      2. 11.4.2 Japan
      3. 11.4.3 India
      4. 11.4.4 South Korea
      5. 11.4.5 Australia & NZ
      6. 11.4.6 ASEAN
      7. 11.4.7 Rest of Asia-Pacific
      11.5 Asia-Pacific Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      11.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      11.7 Asia-Pacific Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 11.7.1 Company 1 (China)
      2. 11.7.2 Company 2 (Japan)
      3. 11.7.3 Company 3 (Japan)
    12. Latin America Cargo Handling Equipment Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 12.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.1.1 Cranes
      2. 12.1.2 Forklifts
      3. 12.1.3 Conveyors
      4. 12.1.4 Pallet Jacks
      12.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.2.1 Warehousing
      2. 12.2.2 Ports
      3. 12.2.3 Airports
      4. 12.2.4 Industrial
      12.3 By End-user Industry Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.3.1 Logistics
      2. 12.3.2 Warehousing
      3. 12.3.3 Ports
      4. 12.3.4 Aviation.
      12.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.4.1 Brazil
      2. 12.4.2 Mexico
      3. 12.4.3 Argentina
      4. 12.4.4 Peru
      5. 12.4.5 Colombia
      6. 12.4.6 Rest of Latin America
      12.5 Latin America Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      12.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      12.7 Latin America Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 12.7.1 Company 1 (Brazil)
      2. 12.7.2 Company 2 (Mexico)
      3. 12.7.3 Company 3 (Mexico)
    13. Middle East & Africa Cargo Handling Equipment Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 13.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.1.1 Cranes
      2. 13.1.2 Forklifts
      3. 13.1.3 Conveyors
      4. 13.1.4 Pallet Jacks
      13.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.2.1 Warehousing
      2. 13.2.2 Ports
      3. 13.2.3 Airports
      4. 13.2.4 Industrial
      13.3 By End-user Industry Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.3.1 Logistics
      2. 13.3.2 Warehousing
      3. 13.3.3 Ports
      4. 13.3.4 Aviation.
      13.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.4.1 Saudi Arabia
      2. 13.4.2 UAE
      3. 13.4.3 South Africa
      4. 13.4.4 Egypt
      5. 13.4.5 Israel
      6. 13.4.6 Rest of Middle East and Africa
      13.5 Middle East & Africa Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      13.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      13.7 Middle East & Africa Global Cargo Handling Equipment Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 13.7.1 Company 1 (Saudi Arabia)
      2. 13.7.2 Company 2 (UAE)
      3. 13.7.3 Company 3 (UAE)
    14. Competition Landscape
    1. 14.1 Strategic Dashboard of Top Market Players
      14.2 Company Profiles (Introduction, Financial Assessments, Portfolio of Offerings, Milestones and Achievements, Strategic Initiative, and SWOT Analysis)
      1. 14.2.1 Cargo Handling Equipment Market – Konecranes
      2. 14.2.2 Liebherr
      3. 14.2.3 Hyster-Yale
      4. 14.2.4 Toyota Industries
      5. 14.2.5 Kalmar
      6. 14.2.6 SANY Group
      7. 14.2.7 Cargotec
      8. 14.2.8 Terex Corporation
      9. 14.2.9 Anhui Heli
      10. 14.2.10 ZPMC.
    15. Data Collection Method and Research Approach
    16. Principal Presumptions and Acronyms