Report Code : CVMI24071680 | Published Date : March 12, 2025

The global Parabolic Trough Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) market has become a crucial player in sustainable power generation. In 2023, the market was valued at approximately USD 14.7 billion, an increase from USD 9.4 billion in 2019. It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.7% from 2024 to 2031, reaching around USD 23.54 billion by that time 2031.

Overview of Parabolic Trough CSP Systems

Parabolic trough CSP systems are linear concentrating solar power technologies that utilize parabola-shaped reflectors to focus sunlight onto a receiver pipe filled with heat transfer fluid. The heated fluid is subsequently used to generate steam, which powers a turbine to produce electricity. These systems demonstrate proven reliability, scalability, and energy storage capabilities, making them ideal for utility-scale renewable energy generation in sun-rich regions.

Key Market Insights

The market growth is driven by an increasing focus on renewable energy adoption, the need for decarbonization, and government mandates that promote green energy. Countries with high solar irradiation, especially in the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and Asia-Pacific, are actively investing in CSP technologies as part of their long-term sustainability goals. Parabolic troughs continue to be the dominant CSP technology globally due to their commercial maturity and successful projects deployments.

Growth Drivers

  • Government Incentives and Renewable Energy Policies: Many governments provide feed-in tariffs, tax rebates, and low-interest loans to encourage CSP projects.
  • Demand for Energy Storage Solutions: Parabolic troughs, combined with molten salt storage, provide dispatchable power even during periods without sunlight hours.
  • Technological Advancements: Innovations in heat transfer fluids, receiver tubes, and tracking systems are enhancing system performance efficiency.
  • Rising Need for Clean Energy in Developing Economies: Urbanization and industrialization are increasing electricity demand, leading governments to adopt CSP adoption.

 

Regional Trends

  • North America: The U.S. remains a leader due to significant investments in large-scale CSP projects, bolstered by DOE funding and state-level clean energy mandates. While growth has slowed compared to PV, CSP still plays a relevant role for the grid stability.
  • Europe: Spain leads the European CSP landscape, boasting numerous operational plants. The EU’s decarbonization targets and cross-border electricity trade will continue to bolster the CSP sector.
  • Asia-Pacific: China and India are emerging markets for CSP. China has operationalized several trough-based CSP plants as part of its renewable energy efforts initiatives.
  • Middle East and Africa (MEA): This region has the fastest-growing CSP market. Countries such as Morocco, the UAE, and South Africa are investing in parabolic trough systems as part of their national energy diversification efforts strategies.
  • Latin America: Chile and Brazil are implementing CSP in desert and arid regions for off-grid and utility-scale applications, supported by international efforts funding.

 

Market Challenges

Despite the promising outlook, the market faces a few hurdles:

  • High Initial Capital Costs: CSP projects, including parabolic troughs, require large upfront investment compared to PV systems.
  • Competition from Photovoltaics (PV): Declining costs of PV modules are shifting utility preferences.
  • Water Usage in Thermal Cycles: Water scarcity in arid regions poses challenges for CSP implementation.

 

Competitive Landscape

Leading companies in the parabolic trough CSP space include:

  • Abengoa Solar
  • SENER Group
  • Acciona Energia
  • GlassPoint Solar
  • TSK Flagsol
  • BrightSource Energy
  • Shouhang High-Tech Energy

 

These firms are actively expanding portfolios, securing EPC contracts, and investing in R&D to optimize plant efficiency and reduce LCOE (Levelized Cost of Electricity).

Conclusion

The Parabolic Trough CSP Market presents significant opportunities for stakeholders in renewable energy infrastructure. With supportive policies, technological advancements, and a growing demand for clean, dispatchable power, parabolic trough CSP is poised to play a vital role in the global transition to low-carbon energy systems. Investment in hybrid solutions and energy storage integration will be crucial to unlocking the market’s full potential through 2031 and beyond.





Reasons To Buy

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Scope

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Key Players

 

Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Report

  1. 1. Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report
    1. 1.1 Study Objectives
    2. 1.2 Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market - Overview
    3. 1.3 Reason to Read This Report
    4. 1.4 Methodology and Forecast Analysis
    2. Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report - Preface
    1. 2.1 Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report – Detailed Scope and Definitions
      1. 2.1.1 By Component
      2. 2.1.2 By Capacity
      3. 2.1.3 By End User
      4. 2.1.4 By Region
    3. Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Dynamics
    1. 3.1. Drivers - Macro-Economic Based, Supply Side, and Demand Side Drivers
    2. 3.2. Restraints – By Component, By Capacity, By End User, By Country
    3. 3.3. Opportunities – By Component, By Capacity, By End User, By Country
    4. 3.4. Trends – By Component, By Capacity, By End User, By Country
    5. 3.5. PEST Analysis
    6. 3.6. Porters Five Rule Analysis
    7. 3.7. Company’s Share Analysis (CSA) by Region or By Country
    8. 3.8. Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report – DROTs Impact Analysis
    4. Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report, Historic Data 2019 - 2023 and Forecast Analysis Data 2024 - 2031
    1. 4.1. Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    2. 4.2. Annual Market Trend Assessment – Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth Analysis (%)
    3. 4.3. Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031
    4. 4.4. Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    5. Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market, By Component, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 5.1 Solar Field
      1. 5.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 5.2 Power Block
      1. 5.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 5.3 Thermal Energy Storage System
      1. 5.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    4. 5.4 Others
      1. 5.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 5.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 5.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 5.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market, By Capacity, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 6.1 Less than 50 MW
      1. 6.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 6.2 50-99 MW
      1. 6.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 6.3 100 MW and Above
      1. 6.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 6.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 6.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 6.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    7. Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market, By End User, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 7.1 Residential
      1. 7.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 7.2 Commercial
      1. 7.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 7.3 Industrial
      1. 7.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    4. 7.4 Utility
      1. 7.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    8. Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Forecast, By Region, 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 8.1 North America
      1. 8.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    2. 8.2 Europe
      1. 8.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    3. 8.3 Asia-Pacific
      1. 8.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    4. 8.4 Latin America
      1. 8.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    5. 8.5 Middle East & Africa
      1. 8.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. 8.6 Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market - Opportunity Analysis Index, By Component, By Capacity, By End User, and Region, 2024 - 2031
    9. North America Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 9.1 By Component Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.1.1 Solar Field
      2. 9.1.2 Power Block
      3. 9.1.3 Thermal Energy Storage System
      4. 9.1.4 Others
      9.2 By Capacity Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.2.1 Less than 50 MW
      2. 9.2.2 50-99 MW
      3. 9.2.3 100 MW and Above
      9.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.3.1 Residential
      2. 9.3.2 Commercial
      3. 9.3.3 Industrial
      4. 9.3.4 Utility
      9.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.4.1 United States
      2. 9.4.2 Canada
      9.5 North America Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Component, By Capacity, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      9.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      9.7 North America Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 9.7.1 Company 1 (United States)
      2. 9.7.2 Company 2 (Canada)
      3. 9.7.3 Company 3 (Canada)
    10. Europe Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 10.1 By Component Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.1.1 Solar Field
      2. 10.1.2 Power Block
      3. 10.1.3 Thermal Energy Storage System
      4. 10.1.4 Others
      10.2 By Capacity Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.2.1 Less than 50 MW
      2. 10.2.2 50-99 MW
      3. 10.2.3 100 MW and Above
      10.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.3.1 Residential
      2. 10.3.2 Commercial
      3. 10.3.3 Industrial
      4. 10.3.4 Utility
      10.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.4.1 Germany
      2. 10.4.2 United Kingdom
      3. 10.4.3 France
      4. 10.4.4 Spain
      5. 10.4.5 Italy
      6. 10.4.6 Russia
      7. 10.4.7 Netherlands
      8. 10.4.8 Poland
      9. 10.4.9 Rest of Europe
      10.5 Europe Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Component, By Capacity, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      10.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      10.7 Europe Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 10.7.1 Company 1 (Germany)
      2. 10.7.2 Company 2 (United Kingdom)
      3. 10.7.3 Company 3 (United Kingdom)
    11. Asia-Pacific Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 11.1 By Component Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.1.1 Solar Field
      2. 11.1.2 Power Block
      3. 11.1.3 Thermal Energy Storage System
      4. 11.1.4 Others
      11.2 By Capacity Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.2.1 Less than 50 MW
      2. 11.2.2 50-99 MW
      3. 11.2.3 100 MW and Above
      11.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.3.1 Residential
      2. 11.3.2 Commercial
      3. 11.3.3 Industrial
      4. 11.3.4 Utility
      11.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.4.1 China
      2. 11.4.2 Japan
      3. 11.4.3 India
      4. 11.4.4 South Korea
      5. 11.4.5 Australia & NZ
      6. 11.4.6 ASEAN
      7. 11.4.7 Rest of Asia-Pacific
      11.5 Asia-Pacific Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Component, By Capacity, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      11.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      11.7 Asia-Pacific Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 11.7.1 Company 1 (China)
      2. 11.7.2 Company 2 (Japan)
      3. 11.7.3 Company 3 (Japan)
    12. Latin America Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 12.1 By Component Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.1.1 Solar Field
      2. 12.1.2 Power Block
      3. 12.1.3 Thermal Energy Storage System
      4. 12.1.4 Others
      12.2 By Capacity Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.2.1 Less than 50 MW
      2. 12.2.2 50-99 MW
      3. 12.2.3 100 MW and Above
      12.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.3.1 Residential
      2. 12.3.2 Commercial
      3. 12.3.3 Industrial
      4. 12.3.4 Utility
      12.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.4.1 Brazil
      2. 12.4.2 Mexico
      3. 12.4.3 Argentina
      4. 12.4.4 Peru
      5. 12.4.5 Colombia
      6. 12.4.6 Rest of Latin America
      12.5 Latin America Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Component, By Capacity, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      12.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      12.7 Latin America Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 12.7.1 Company 1 (Brazil)
      2. 12.7.2 Company 2 (Mexico)
      3. 12.7.3 Company 3 (Mexico)
    13. Middle East & Africa Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 13.1 By Component Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.1.1 Solar Field
      2. 13.1.2 Power Block
      3. 13.1.3 Thermal Energy Storage System
      4. 13.1.4 Others
      13.2 By Capacity Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.2.1 Less than 50 MW
      2. 13.2.2 50-99 MW
      3. 13.2.3 100 MW and Above
      13.3 By End User Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.3.1 Residential
      2. 13.3.2 Commercial
      3. 13.3.3 Industrial
      4. 13.3.4 Utility
      13.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.4.1 Saudi Arabia
      2. 13.4.2 UAE
      3. 13.4.3 South Africa
      4. 13.4.4 Egypt
      5. 13.4.5 Israel
      6. 13.4.6 Rest of Middle East and Africa
      13.5 Middle East & Africa Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Component, By Capacity, By End User, and Country, 2024 - 2031
      13.6 Regional Trends Analysis
      13.7 Middle East & Africa Global Parabolic Trough CSP Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 13.7.1 Company 1 (Saudi Arabia)
      2. 13.7.2 Company 2 (UAE)
      3. 13.7.3 Company 3 (UAE)
    14. Competition Landscape
    1. 14.1 Strategic Dashboard of Top Market Players
      14.2 Company Profiles (Introduction, Financial Assessments, Portfolio of Offerings, Milestones and Achievements, Strategic Initiative, and SWOT Analysis)
      1. 14.2.1 Abengoa Solar S.A.
      2. 14.2.2 Acciona Energy
      3. 14.2.3 BrightSource Energy
      4. 14.2.4 Inc.
      5. 14.2.5 SolarReserve
      6. 14.2.6 LLC
      7. 14.2.7 ACWA Power
    15. Data Collection Method and Research Approach
    16. Principal Presumptions and Acronyms




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