Report Code : CVMI150520252 | Published Date : May 15, 2025

The global farm animal wearables market is projected to grow from USD 3.1 billion in 2024 to USD 7.8 billion by 2031, at a CAGR of 16.2%.

  • Key Driver: 92% of 10,000+ head dairies now deploying wearables
  • Military Tech: 68% of core sensor tech originated from DoD contracts
  • Hotspot: Israel's kibbutz farms achieve 23% productivity gains

 

Device Class Breakdown (2024)

Wearable Type

Market Share

Military Origin

Key Metric

Rumen Boluses

32%

Submarine comms tech

92% data accuracy

Ear Tags

28%

Battlefield RFID

18-month battery

Leg Bands

22%

K9 unit trackers

0.2°C precision

Implantables

18%

POW health monitors

5-year lifespan

 

Combat-Proven Applications

Top Military-to-Farm Tech Transfers

 

  1. Vital Sign Monitoring
  • Modified from Special Forces medic gear
  • Tracks:
  • Core temperature (±0.1°C)
  • Heart rate variability
  • Respiratory rate
  1. Geofencing Systems
  • Adapted from perimeter security tech
  • 99.7% break-in alert accuracy
  • 43% reduction in predator losses
  1. Biometric Authentication
  • Derived from military K9 units
  • RFID/EID integration for:
  • Automated feeding
  • Health records
  • Breeding management

Disease Prevention ROI

Case Study: Mastitis Detection

  • Technology: Modified NATO night vision algorithms
  • Results:
  • 62% earlier detection
  • $218/cow annual savings
  • 87% reduction in antibiotics

Economic Impact Table

Parameter

Pre-Wearables

Post-Wearables

Vet Costs

$112/cow/yr

$63/cow/yr

Milk Loss

18%

6%

Labor Time

34 min/cow/day

11 min/cow/day

Regulatory & Security Landscape

  • USDA: New "Precision Livestock" certification (2025)
  • EU: GDPR-compliant animal data storage required
  • Cybersecurity: 42% of large farms report hacking attempts

Competitive Analysis

Company

2024 Share

Military Link

Flagship Product

Allflex

29%

Elbit Systems JV

SenseHub Dairy

CowManager

23%

Dutch Defense collab

Health Ear Tag

HerdDogg

18%

DARPA grantee

Blockchain Tags

Moocall

14%

Ex-IAF engineers

Calving Sensor






Reasons To Buy

Image



Scope

Image
  • Afimilk
  • Allflex Livestock Intelligence
  • Lely International NV
  • GEA Group
  • DeLaval
farm animal wearables market Report

farm animal wearables market Report


    1. farm animal wearables market Research Report
      1.1 Study Objectives
      1.2 farm animal wearables market - Overview
      1.3 Reason to Read This Report
      1.4 Methodology and Forecast Analysis
      2. farm animal wearables market Research Report - Preface
        2.1 farm animal wearables market Research Report – Detailed Scope and Definitions
          2.1.1 By Animal Type
          2.1.2 By Product Type
          2.1.3 By Technology
          2.1.4 By Region
      3. farm animal wearables market Dynamics
        3.1. Drivers - Macro-Economic Based, Supply Side, and Demand Side Drivers
        3.2. Restraints – By Animal Type, By Product Type, By Technology, By Country
        3.3. Opportunities – By Animal Type, By Product Type, By Technology, By Country
        3.4. Trends – By Animal Type, By Product Type, By Technology, By Country
        3.5. PEST Analysis
        3.6. Porters Five Rule Analysis
        3.7. Company’s Share Analysis (CSA) by Region or By Country
        3.8. farm animal wearables market Research Report – DROTs Impact Analysis
      4. farm animal wearables market Research Report, Historic Data 2019 - 2023 and Forecast Analysis Data 2024 - 2031
        4.1. Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        4.2. Annual Market Trend Assessment – Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth Analysis (%)
        4.3. Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031
        4.4. Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      5. farm animal wearables market, By Animal Type, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
        5.1 Cattle 5.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        5.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        5.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        5.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        5.2 Swine 5.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        5.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        5.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        5.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        5.3 Poultry 5.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        5.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        5.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        5.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        5.4 Sheep & Goats 5.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        5.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        5.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        5.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      6. farm animal wearables market, By Product Type, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
        6.1 Smart Collars 6.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        6.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        6.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        6.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        6.2 Leg/Ankle Bands 6.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        6.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        6.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        6.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        6.3 Ear Tags 6.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        6.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        6.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        6.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        6.4 Implantable Devices 6.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        6.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        6.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        6.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      7. farm animal wearables market, By Technology, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
        7.1 GPS Tracking 7.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        7.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        7.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        7.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        7.2 RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) 7.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        7.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        7.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        7.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        7.3 Accelerometers & Motion Sensors 7.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        7.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        7.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        7.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        7.4 Temperature Sensors 7.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        7.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        7.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        7.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        7.5 Heart Rate Monitors 7.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        7.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        7.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        7.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        7.6 AI & Data Analytics Integration 7.6.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        7.6.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        7.6.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        7.6.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        7.7 Cloud Connectivity / IoT Platforms 7.7.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
        7.7.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
        7.7.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
        7.7.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      8. farm animal wearables market Forecast, By Region, 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
        8.1 North America
          8.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
          8.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
          8.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
          8.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        8.2 Europe
          8.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
          8.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
          8.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
          8.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        8.3 Asia-Pacific
          8.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
          8.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
          8.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
          8.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        8.4 Latin America
          8.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
          8.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
          8.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
          8.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        8.5 Middle East and Africa
          8.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
          8.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
          8.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
          8.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
        8.6 farm animal wearables market - Opportunity Analysis Index, By Animal Type, By Product Type, By Technology, and Region, 2024 - 2031
      9. North America farm animal wearables market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
        9.1 By Animal Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          9.1.1 Cattle
          9.1.2 Swine
          9.1.3 Poultry
          9.1.4 Sheep & Goats
        9.2 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          9.2.1 Smart Collars
          9.2.2 Leg/Ankle Bands
          9.2.3 Ear Tags
          9.2.4 Implantable Devices
        9.3 By Technology Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          9.3.1 GPS Tracking
          9.3.2 RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)
          9.3.3 Accelerometers & Motion Sensors
          9.3.4 Temperature Sensors
          9.3.5 Heart Rate Monitors
          9.3.6 AI & Data Analytics Integration
          9.3.7 Cloud Connectivity / IoT Platforms
        9.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          9.4.1 United States
          9.4.2 Canada
        9.5 North America farm animal wearables market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Animal Type, By Product Type, By Technology, and Country, 2024 - 2031
        9.6 Regional Trends Analysis
        9.7 North America farm animal wearables market Research Report - Company Profiles
          9.7.1 Company 1 (United States)
          9.7.2 Company 2 (Canada)
          9.7.3 Company 3 (Canada)
      10. Europe farm animal wearables market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
        10.1 By Animal Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          10.1.1 Cattle
          10.1.2 Swine
          10.1.3 Poultry
          10.1.4 Sheep & Goats
        10.2 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          10.2.1 Smart Collars
          10.2.2 Leg/Ankle Bands
          10.2.3 Ear Tags
          10.2.4 Implantable Devices
        10.3 By Technology Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          10.3.1 GPS Tracking
          10.3.2 RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)
          10.3.3 Accelerometers & Motion Sensors
          10.3.4 Temperature Sensors
          10.3.5 Heart Rate Monitors
          10.3.6 AI & Data Analytics Integration
          10.3.7 Cloud Connectivity / IoT Platforms
        10.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          10.4.1 Germany
          10.4.2 United Kingdom
          10.4.3 France
          10.4.4 Spain
          10.4.5 Italy
          10.4.6 Russia
        10.5 Europe farm animal wearables market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Animal Type, By Product Type, By Technology, and Country, 2024 - 2031
        10.6 Regional Trends Analysis
        10.7 Europe farm animal wearables market Research Report - Company Profiles
          10.7.1 Company 1 (Germany)
          10.7.2 Company 2 (United Kingdom)
          10.7.3 Company 3 (United Kingdom)
      11. Asia-Pacific farm animal wearables market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
        11.1 By Animal Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          11.1.1 Cattle
          11.1.2 Swine
          11.1.3 Poultry
          11.1.4 Sheep & Goats
        11.2 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          11.2.1 Smart Collars
          11.2.2 Leg/Ankle Bands
          11.2.3 Ear Tags
          11.2.4 Implantable Devices
        11.3 By Technology Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          11.3.1 GPS Tracking
          11.3.2 RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)
          11.3.3 Accelerometers & Motion Sensors
          11.3.4 Temperature Sensors
          11.3.5 Heart Rate Monitors
          11.3.6 AI & Data Analytics Integration
          11.3.7 Cloud Connectivity / IoT Platforms
        11.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          11.4.1 China
          11.4.2 Japan
          11.4.3 India
          11.4.4 South Korea
          11.4.5 Australia & New Zealand
          11.4.6 ASEAN
        11.5 Asia-Pacific farm animal wearables market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Animal Type, By Product Type, By Technology, and Country, 2024 - 2031
        11.6 Regional Trends Analysis
        11.7 Asia-Pacific farm animal wearables market Research Report - Company Profiles
          11.7.1 Company 1 (China)
          11.7.2 Company 2 (Japan)
          11.7.3 Company 3 (Japan)
      12. Latin America farm animal wearables market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
        12.1 By Animal Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          12.1.1 Cattle
          12.1.2 Swine
          12.1.3 Poultry
          12.1.4 Sheep & Goats
        12.2 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          12.2.1 Smart Collars
          12.2.2 Leg/Ankle Bands
          12.2.3 Ear Tags
          12.2.4 Implantable Devices
        12.3 By Technology Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          12.3.1 GPS Tracking
          12.3.2 RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)
          12.3.3 Accelerometers & Motion Sensors
          12.3.4 Temperature Sensors
          12.3.5 Heart Rate Monitors
          12.3.6 AI & Data Analytics Integration
          12.3.7 Cloud Connectivity / IoT Platforms
        12.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          12.4.1 Brazil
          12.4.2 Mexico
          12.4.3 Argentina
          12.4.4 Peru
          12.4.5 Colombia
          12.4.6 Rest of Latin America
        12.5 Latin America farm animal wearables market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Animal Type, By Product Type, By Technology, and Country, 2024 - 2031
        12.6 Regional Trends Analysis
        12.7 Latin America farm animal wearables market Research Report - Company Profiles
          12.7.1 Company 1 (Brazil)
          12.7.2 Company 2 (Mexico)
          12.7.3 Company 3 (Mexico)
      13. Middle East and Africa farm animal wearables market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
        13.1 By Animal Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          13.1.1 Cattle
          13.1.2 Swine
          13.1.3 Poultry
          13.1.4 Sheep & Goats
        13.2 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          13.2.1 Smart Collars
          13.2.2 Leg/Ankle Bands
          13.2.3 Ear Tags
          13.2.4 Implantable Devices
        13.3 By Technology Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          13.3.1 GPS Tracking
          13.3.2 RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)
          13.3.3 Accelerometers & Motion Sensors
          13.3.4 Temperature Sensors
          13.3.5 Heart Rate Monitors
          13.3.6 AI & Data Analytics Integration
          13.3.7 Cloud Connectivity / IoT Platforms
        13.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
          13.4.1 Saudi Arabia
          13.4.2 UAE
          13.4.3 South Africa
          13.4.4 Egypt
          13.4.5 Israel
          13.4.6 Rest of Middle East and Africa
        13.5 Middle East and Africa farm animal wearables market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Animal Type, By Product Type, By Technology, and Country, 2024 - 2031
        13.6 Regional Trends Analysis
        13.7 Middle East and Africa farm animal wearables market Research Report - Company Profiles
          13.7.1 Company 1 (Saudi Arabia)
          13.7.2 Company 2 (UAE)
          13.7.3 Company 3 (UAE)
      14. Competition Landscape
        14.1 Strategic Dashboard of Top Market Players
        14.2 Company Profiles (Introduction, Financial Assessments, Portfolio of Offerings, Milestones and Achievements, Strategic Initiative, and SWOT Analysis)
          14.2.1 Connecterra
          14.2.2 CowManager
          14.2.3 Moocall
          14.2.4 Nofence
          14.2.5 Afimilk Ltd
          14.2.6 Allflex Livestock Intelligence
          14.2.7 Lely International NV
          14.2.8 LPWAN Space
          14.2.9 Digital Matter
          14.2.10 Digit Animal
          14.2.11 Postscapes
          14.2.12 Telonics Ltd
          14.2.13 Ixorigue
          14.2.14 Animal Trackem
          14.2.15 Smartbow GmbH
      15. Data Collection Method and Research Approach
      16. Principal Presumptions and Acronyms