Report Code : CVMI2603252601589 | Published Date : March 30, 2025
Market Overview
Three-dimensional (3D) surgical models are revolutionizing preoperative planning, medical education, and patient-specific treatment strategies. Created from CT, MRI, or ultrasound imaging data, these models replicate patient anatomy with high fidelity. They are widely utilized in cardiovascular, craniofacial, orthopedic, oncological, and neurosurgical procedures. By enabling surgeons to visualize and simulate complex interventions in advance, 3D surgical models reduce operating time, enhance precision, and improve patient outcomes. With the integration of biocompatible materials and high-resolution printers, these models are also being used in implant design and device prototyping.
Market Size and Forecast
Year |
Market Value (USD Million) |
Notes |
2019 |
174 |
Derived from service provider revenue, material sales, and installed printer base |
2024 |
307 |
Five-year CAGR 11.7 % |
2031 |
801 |
Seven-year CAGR 14.9 % (2024–2031) |
Scenario modeling suggests adoption in low- and middle-income countries could drive further upside by 2031 if cost and training barriers are reduced.
Primary Market Drivers
- Complex Surgeries – Surgeons use models to simulate tumor resections, valve repairs, and congenital deformity corrections.
- Medical Education and Simulation – Universities and training hospitals adopt printed organs for procedural rehearsal.
- Device and Implant Planning – Custom-fit surgical guides and bone implants created pre-surgery.
- Patient Engagement – Anatomical models enhance preoperative communication and consent.
- Government and Academic Initiatives – Public hospitals and military medical centers adopt models for planning and training.
Market Challenges
- High costs for printers, software licenses, and printing materials.
- Workflow complexity and long production timelines in emergency settings.
- Need for skilled technicians to convert DICOM data into printable models.
- Lack of reimbursement in many countries for modeling as a billable service.
- Limited penetration of biocompatible or sterilizable materials.
Competitive Landscape
Company |
2024 Share |
Core Capabilities |
Recent Developments |
Materialise NV |
17 % |
Mimics® Innovation Suite, surgical planning services |
Opened Asia-Pacific medical printing center |
3D Systems |
14 % |
VSP® (Virtual Surgical Planning) and anatomical model kits |
FDA-cleared craniomaxillofacial modeling workflow |
Stratasys |
12 % |
J750 Digital Anatomy™ Printer and resin suite |
Partnered with hospitals on cardiac and orthopedic modeling |
Axial3D |
9 % |
Automated DICOM segmentation & cloud printing |
Scaled UK NHS contracts in 2024 |
Lazarus 3D |
6 % |
Soft-tissue surgical rehearsal models |
Launched soft silicone reproductive surgery kits |
Others |
42 % |
Academic labs, local service bureaus, niche specialty vendors |
Custom workflows and open-source imaging software |
Detailed Market Segmentation
By Material
- Resin (Standard, Biocompatible) – 38 %
- Nylon, TPU, and Elastomers – XX %
- Silicone and Soft Tissue Substrates – XX %
- PLA, ABS, and Low-Cost Plastics – XX %
- Others (Composites, Bone Cement) – XX %
By Surgical Specialty
- Orthopedics & Trauma – XX %
- Cardiovascular & Thoracic – 21 %
- Neurosurgery – XX %
- Maxillofacial & Dental – 15 %
- Oncology – XX %
- Others (ENT, Urology, Pediatrics) – XX %
By End User
- Hospitals & Surgical Centers – XX %
- Academic Institutions – 28 %
- Medical Device Companies – XX %
- Others (Simulation Labs, NGOs) – XX %
Regional Analysis
- North America – Leading market with strong adoption in university hospitals and private clinics.
- Europe – Growth driven by NHS-funded programs and orthopedic device partnerships.
- Asia-Pacific – Fastest CAGR at 17.1 %; India, China, and Australia expand surgical training centers.
- Latin America – Brazil and Mexico integrate 3D surgical planning in select public hospitals.
- Middle East & Africa – Military hospitals and NGOs promote complex-procedure rehearsal using 3D models.
Technology and Innovation
- Multi-material printers producing vessels, nerves, and bone in a single build.
- Simulation models embedded with flow dynamics for hemodynamic rehearsals.
- Integration with AR/VR for hybrid virtual-physical planning.
- Real-time DICOM segmentation with AI for same-day printing.
- Sustainable filaments and closed-loop recycling in academic settings.
Regulatory Environment
- FDA Device Exemption for anatomical modeling software (Mimics, VSP).
- CE Class I or IIa classifications under MDR depending on intended use.
- ISO 10993 compliance for biocompatible materials used in OR-adjacent settings.
- ASTM F42 standards for medical additive manufacturing.
Recent Developments (Q4 2023–Q2 2025)
- Materialise opened APAC center in Malaysia to serve regional hospitals (Q4 2023).
- 3D Systems launched VSP Orthopedics module with FDA clearance (Q1 2024).
- Lazarus 3D deployed soft-tissue rehearsal kits in U.S. gynecology programs (Q2 2024).
- Axial3D received $12M Series B to expand segmentation AI and cloud access (Q3 2024).
- NHS launched National Surgical Model Consortium in UK with academic partners (Q1 2025).
Strategic Outlook
- Vendors should focus on DICOM-to-print workflow simplification and AR integration.
- Hospitals may benefit from hybrid in-house and outsourcing models to reduce cost.
- Reimbursement pilots needed to elevate adoption in low- and middle-income nations.
- Academic partnerships will drive early exposure and usage in clinical training.
- AI-powered segmentation will be the key enabler for scalability in complex anatomies.
Methodology
Clearview Market Insights triangulated data from printer shipments, imaging software licenses, hospital procurement data, and interviews with 85 surgeons and technicians across 18 countries. Forecasting models used hybrid linear–logistic regression adjusted for public-sector procurement cycles and specialty demand indexes.
Reasons To Buy
Reasons to Read This Report
- Strategic Insight – Uncover growth opportunities by specialty and geography.
- Technology Trends – Understand advances in multimaterial prints and digital workflow automation.
- Regulatory Knowledge – Stay informed on compliance for clinical-grade anatomical modeling.
- Competitive Landscape – Benchmark leading vendors’ product portfolios and expansion strategies.
Forecasting Confidence – Rely on robust, multi-sourced data to support product planning and investments
Scope
Market Scope
This report analyzes the global 3D surgical model market, providing:
- Historical data (2019–2023) and forecasts to 2031 for revenue and unit production
- Segmentation by material, specialty, technology type, end user, and region
- Profiles of key vendors, 3D printing OEMs, and service bureaus
- Insights into imaging-to-print workflows and simulation fidelity
- Regulatory standards across FDA, CE, ISO 10993, and ASTM F42 guidelines
- Innovation trends in haptic simulation, AR/VR pairing, and surgical rehearsal labs
-
Key Players
- 3D Systems Corporation
- Stratasys Ltd.
- Materialise NV
- Formlabs Inc.
- Axial3D
- 3D LifePrints UK Ltd.
- Lazarus 3D LLC
- Osteo3D
- Anatomiz3D Medtech Pvt. Ltd.
- WhiteClouds Inc.
- Onkos Surgical
- EnvisionTEC GmbH (now part of Desktop Metal)
- Renishaw plc
- Xilloc Medical B.V.
- Stryker Corporation
Global 3D Surgical Model Market Report
- 1. Global 3D Surgical Model Market Research Report
- 1.1 Study Objectives
- 1.2 Global 3D Surgical Model Market - Overview
- 1.3 Reason to Read This Report
- 1.4 Methodology and Forecast Analysis
- 2.1 Global 3D Surgical Model Market Research Report – Detailed Scope and Definitions
- 2.1.1 By Product Type
- 2.1.2 By Material
- 2.1.3 By Application
- 2.1.4 By End-User
- 2.1.5 By Region
- 3.1. Drivers - Macro-Economic Based, Supply Side, and Demand Side Drivers
- 3.2. Restraints – By Product Type, By Material, By Application, By End-User, By Country
- 3.3. Opportunities – By Product Type, By Material, By Application, By End-User, By Country
- 3.4. Trends – By Product Type, By Material, By Application, By End-User, By Country
- 3.5. PEST Analysis
- 3.6. Porters Five Rule Analysis
- 3.7. Company’s Share Analysis (CSA) by Region or By Country
- 3.8. Global 3D Surgical Model Market Research Report – DROTs Impact Analysis
- 4.1. Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 4.2. Annual Market Trend Assessment – Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth Analysis (%)
- 4.3. Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031
- 4.4. Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 5.1 Anatomical Models
- 5.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 5.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 5.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 5.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 5.2 Surgical Guides
- 5.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 5.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 5.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 5.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 5.3 Custom Implants
- 5.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 5.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 5.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 5.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 5.4 Patient-Specific Models
- 5.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 5.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 5.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 5.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 6.1 Plastic
- 6.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 6.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 6.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 6.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 6.2 Metal
- 6.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 6.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 6.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 6.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 6.3 Biodegradable Polymers
- 6.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 6.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 6.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 6.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 7.1 Orthopedic Surgery
- 7.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 7.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 7.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 7.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 7.2 Neurosurgery
- 7.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 7.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 7.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 7.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 7.3 Cardiovascular Surgery
- 7.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 7.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 7.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 7.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 7.4 Dental Surgery
- 7.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 7.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 7.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 7.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 8.1 Hospitals
- 8.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 8.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 8.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 8.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 8.2 Research Institutes
- 8.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 8.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 8.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 8.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 8.3 Specialty Clinics
- 8.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 8.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 8.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 8.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 8.4 Academic Institutions
- 8.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 8.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 8.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 8.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 9.1 North America
- 9.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 9.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 9.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 9.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 9.2 Europe
- 9.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 9.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 9.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 9.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 9.3 Asia-Pacific
- 9.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 9.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 9.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 9.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 9.4 Latin America
- 9.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 9.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 9.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 9.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 9.5 Middle East & Africa
- 9.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 9.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 9.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 9.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 9.6 Global 3D Surgical Model Market - Opportunity Analysis Index, By Product Type, By Material, By Application, By End-User, and Region, 2024 - 2031
- 10.1 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 10.1.1 Anatomical Models
- 10.1.2 Surgical Guides
- 10.1.3 Custom Implants
- 10.1.4 Patient-Specific Models
- 10.2.1 Plastic
- 10.2.2 Metal
- 10.2.3 Biodegradable Polymers
- 10.3.1 Orthopedic Surgery
- 10.3.2 Neurosurgery
- 10.3.3 Cardiovascular Surgery
- 10.3.4 Dental Surgery
- 10.4.1 Hospitals
- 10.4.2 Research Institutes
- 10.4.3 Specialty Clinics
- 10.4.4 Academic Institutions
- 10.5.1 United States
- 10.5.2 Canada
10.7 Regional Trends Analysis
10.8 North America Global 3D Surgical Model Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 10.8.1 Company 1 (United States)
- 10.8.2 Company 2 (Canada)
- 10.8.3 Company 3 (Canada)
- 11.1 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 11.1.1 Anatomical Models
- 11.1.2 Surgical Guides
- 11.1.3 Custom Implants
- 11.1.4 Patient-Specific Models
- 11.2.1 Plastic
- 11.2.2 Metal
- 11.2.3 Biodegradable Polymers
- 11.3.1 Orthopedic Surgery
- 11.3.2 Neurosurgery
- 11.3.3 Cardiovascular Surgery
- 11.3.4 Dental Surgery
- 11.4.1 Hospitals
- 11.4.2 Research Institutes
- 11.4.3 Specialty Clinics
- 11.4.4 Academic Institutions
- 11.5.1 Germany
- 11.5.2 United Kingdom
- 11.5.3 France
- 11.5.4 Spain
- 11.5.5 Italy
- 11.5.6 Russia
- 11.5.7 Netherlands
- 11.5.8 Poland
- 11.5.9 Rest of Europe
11.7 Regional Trends Analysis
11.8 Europe Global 3D Surgical Model Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 11.8.1 Company 1 (Germany)
- 11.8.2 Company 2 (United Kingdom)
- 11.8.3 Company 3 (United Kingdom)
- 12.1 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 12.1.1 Anatomical Models
- 12.1.2 Surgical Guides
- 12.1.3 Custom Implants
- 12.1.4 Patient-Specific Models
- 12.2.1 Plastic
- 12.2.2 Metal
- 12.2.3 Biodegradable Polymers
- 12.3.1 Orthopedic Surgery
- 12.3.2 Neurosurgery
- 12.3.3 Cardiovascular Surgery
- 12.3.4 Dental Surgery
- 12.4.1 Hospitals
- 12.4.2 Research Institutes
- 12.4.3 Specialty Clinics
- 12.4.4 Academic Institutions
- 12.5.1 China
- 12.5.2 Japan
- 12.5.3 India
- 12.5.4 South Korea
- 12.5.5 Australia & NZ
- 12.5.6 ASEAN
- 12.5.7 Rest of Asia-Pacific
12.7 Regional Trends Analysis
12.8 Asia-Pacific Global 3D Surgical Model Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 12.8.1 Company 1 (China)
- 12.8.2 Company 2 (Japan)
- 12.8.3 Company 3 (Japan)
- 13.1 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 13.1.1 Anatomical Models
- 13.1.2 Surgical Guides
- 13.1.3 Custom Implants
- 13.1.4 Patient-Specific Models
- 13.2.1 Plastic
- 13.2.2 Metal
- 13.2.3 Biodegradable Polymers
- 13.3.1 Orthopedic Surgery
- 13.3.2 Neurosurgery
- 13.3.3 Cardiovascular Surgery
- 13.3.4 Dental Surgery
- 13.4.1 Hospitals
- 13.4.2 Research Institutes
- 13.4.3 Specialty Clinics
- 13.4.4 Academic Institutions
- 13.5.1 Brazil
- 13.5.2 Mexico
- 13.5.3 Argentina
- 13.5.4 Peru
- 13.5.5 Colombia
- 13.5.6 Rest of Latin America
13.7 Regional Trends Analysis
13.8 Latin America Global 3D Surgical Model Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 13.8.1 Company 1 (Brazil)
- 13.8.2 Company 2 (Mexico)
- 13.8.3 Company 3 (Mexico)
- 14.1 By Product Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 14.1.1 Anatomical Models
- 14.1.2 Surgical Guides
- 14.1.3 Custom Implants
- 14.1.4 Patient-Specific Models
- 14.2.1 Plastic
- 14.2.2 Metal
- 14.2.3 Biodegradable Polymers
- 14.3.1 Orthopedic Surgery
- 14.3.2 Neurosurgery
- 14.3.3 Cardiovascular Surgery
- 14.3.4 Dental Surgery
- 14.4.1 Hospitals
- 14.4.2 Research Institutes
- 14.4.3 Specialty Clinics
- 14.4.4 Academic Institutions
- 14.5.1 Saudi Arabia
- 14.5.2 UAE
- 14.5.3 South Africa
- 14.5.4 Egypt
- 14.5.5 Israel
- 14.5.6 Rest of Middle East and Africa
14.7 Regional Trends Analysis
14.8 Middle East & Africa Global 3D Surgical Model Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 14.8.1 Company 1 (Saudi Arabia)
- 14.8.2 Company 2 (UAE)
- 14.8.3 Company 3 (UAE)
- 15.1 Strategic Dashboard of Top Market Players
15.2 Company Profiles (Introduction, Financial Assessments, Portfolio of Offerings, Milestones and Achievements, Strategic Initiative, and SWOT Analysis)- 15.2.1 3D Systems
- 15.2.2 Materialise
- 15.2.3 Stratasys
- 15.2.4 Axial3D
- 15.2.5 Formlabs
- 15.2.6 Anatomics
17. Principal Presumptions and Acronyms