Report Code : CVMI2603252601371 | Published Date : March 30, 2025

1 | Market Overview

The global intraosseous (IO) infusion kits market is experiencing steady growth, driven by an increasing demand for emergency vascular access in trauma, cardiac arrest, shock, and disaster response scenarios. IO infusion enables the rapid delivery of fluids and medications through the bone marrow when conventional intravenous access is challenging or delayed.

IO kits are essential in emergency rooms, intensive care units, ambulances, and military medicine. Their speed, reliability, and versatility in both pediatric and adult resuscitation make them the preferred choice. Recent advances include battery-powered and spring-loaded insertion devices, ergonomic needles, and specialized kits for field use.

 

2 | Market Size and Forecast

Year

Market Value (USD Billion)

Notes

2019

0.67

Historical baseline

2024

1.09

Five-year CAGR 10.2%

2031

2.26

Seven-year CAGR 10.8%

The market is projected to more than double by 2031, fueled by enhanced emergency preparedness, a rise in trauma cases, and greater awareness of advanced life support protocols.

 

3 | Key Market Drivers

  • Global Trauma and Cardiac Emergencies: Increasing demand for vascular access in pre-hospital and hospital emergencies.
  • Advancements in Device Design: Battery-powered drills, pediatric kits, and color-coded needle sets.
  • Military and Disaster Response: Extensive application in tactical combat casualty care (TCCC) and field hospitals.
  • Adoption in Pediatric Care: Intraosseous (IO) access is a life-saving method in neonatal and pediatric resuscitation.

 

4 | Market Challenges

  • Cost of Kits and Devices: Higher pricing compared to IV cannulation in low-resource settings.
  • Training Gaps: Requires clinician confidence and skills for effective and safe insertion.
  • Risk of complications includes infection, extravasation, and, in rare cases, osteomyelitis.

 

5 | Competitive Landscape

The market is concentrated among a few dominant players offering complete IO access systems and supporting accessories.

Market Share Estimates (2024):

Company

Estimated Market Share

Key Products

Teleflex (Arrow)

43%

EZ-IO® System for adult and pediatric IO access

PerSys Medical

19%

NIO® family of automatic spring-loaded IO devices

Cook Medical

12%

Sur-Fast® IO and emergency kits

PAVmed (Disposan)

9%

Single-use IO access devices

Others (Becton Dickinson, Smiths Medical)

17%

Regional and hospital-specific systems

 

6 | Market Segmentation
By Device Type:

  • Battery-Powered IO Devices
  • Manual IO Devices
  • Semi-Automatic Devices

 

By Application:

  • Cardiac Arrest
  • Shock & Trauma
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pediatric & Neonatal Care

 

By End User:

  • Hospitals & Emergency Rooms
  • Pre-Hospital Care (EMS/Ambulance)
  • Military & Disaster Relief Centers

 

By Region:

  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia-Pacific
  • Latin America
  • Middle East & Africa

 

7 | Strategic Outlook
The next generation of IO kits will focus on one-hand operation, integrated safety features, and cost-effective training tools. Growth will be bolstered by global trauma systems, civilian-military partnerships, and mobile emergency response units





Reasons To Buy

Image



Scope

Image

Key Players

  • Teleflex
  • Becton Dickinson (BD)
  • Cook Medical
  • Pyng Medical
  • Persys Medical
  • SAM Medical
  • Biopsybell

Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Report


  1. 1. Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report
    1. 1.1 Study Objectives
    2. 1.2 Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market - Overview
    3. 1.3 Reason to Read This Report
    4. 1.4 Methodology and Forecast Analysis
  2. 2. Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report - Preface
    1. 2.1 Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report – Detailed Scope and Definitions
      1. 2.1.1 By Device Type:
      2. 2.1.2 By Application:
      3. 2.1.3 By End User:
      4. 2.1.4 By Region
  3. 3. Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Dynamics
    1. 3.1. Drivers - Macro-Economic Based, Supply Side, and Demand Side Drivers
    2. 3.2. Restraints – By Device Type:, By Application:, By End User:, By Country
    3. 3.3. Opportunities – By Device Type:, By Application:, By End User:, By Country
    4. 3.4. Trends – By Device Type:, By Application:, By End User:, By Country
    5. 3.5. PEST Analysis
    6. 3.6. Porters Five Rule Analysis
    7. 3.7. Company’s Share Analysis (CSA) by Region or By Country
    8. 3.8. Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report – DROTs Impact Analysis
    1. 4. Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report, Historic Data 2019 - 2023 and Forecast Analysis Data 2024 - 2031
    2. 4.1. Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    3. 4.2. Annual Market Trend Assessment – Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth Analysis (%)
    4. 4.3. Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031
    5. 4.4. Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
  1. 5. Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market, By Device Type:, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 5.1 Battery-Powered IO Devices
    2. 5.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    3. 5.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    4. 5.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    5. 5.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. 5.2 Manual IO Devices
    7. 5.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    8. 5.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    9. 5.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    10. 5.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    11. 5.3 Semi-Automatic Devices
    12. 5.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    13. 5.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    14. 5.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    15. 5.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market, By Application:, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 6.1 Cardiac Arrest
    2. 6.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    3. 6.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    4. 6.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    5. 6.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. 6.2 Shock & Trauma
    7. 6.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    8. 6.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    9. 6.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    10. 6.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    11. 6.3 Emergency Medicine
    12. 6.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    13. 6.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    14. 6.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    15. 6.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    16. 6.4 Pediatric & Neonatal Care
    17. 6.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    18. 6.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    19. 6.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    20. 6.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    7. Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market, By End User:, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 7.1 Hospitals & Emergency Rooms
    2. 7.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    3. 7.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    4. 7.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    5. 7.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. 7.2 Pre-Hospital Care (EMS/Ambulance)
    7. 7.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    8. 7.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    9. 7.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    10. 7.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    11. 7.3 Military & Disaster Relief Centers
    12. 7.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    13. 7.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    14. 7.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    15. 7.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
  1. 8. Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Forecast, By Region, 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 8.1 North America
      1. 8.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      8.2 Europe
      1. 8.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      8.3 Asia-Pacific
      1. 8.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      8.4 Latin America
      1. 8.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      8.5 Middle East and Africa
      1. 8.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 8.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 8.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 8.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      8.6 Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market - Opportunity Analysis Index, By Device Type:, By Application:, By End User:, and Region, 2024 - 2031
  1. 9. North America Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 9.1 By Device Type: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.1.1 Battery-Powered IO Devices
      2. 9.1.2 Manual IO Devices
      3. 9.1.3 Semi-Automatic Devices
      9.2 By Application: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.2.1 Cardiac Arrest
      2. 9.2.2 Shock & Trauma
      3. 9.2.3 Emergency Medicine
      4. 9.2.4 Pediatric & Neonatal Care
      9.3 By End User: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.3.1 Hospitals & Emergency Rooms
      2. 9.3.2 Pre-Hospital Care (EMS/Ambulance)
      3. 9.3.3 Military & Disaster Relief Centers
      9.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.4.1 United States
      2. 9.4.2 Canada
    2. 9.5 North America Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Device Type:, By Application:, By End User:, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 9.6 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 9.7 North America Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 9.7.1 Company 1 (United States)
      2. 9.7.2 Company 2 (Canada)
      3. 9.7.3 Company 3 (Canada)
    10. Europe Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 10.1 By Device Type: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.1.1 Battery-Powered IO Devices
      2. 10.1.2 Manual IO Devices
      3. 10.1.3 Semi-Automatic Devices
      10.2 By Application: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.2.1 Cardiac Arrest
      2. 10.2.2 Shock & Trauma
      3. 10.2.3 Emergency Medicine
      4. 10.2.4 Pediatric & Neonatal Care
      10.3 By End User: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.3.1 Hospitals & Emergency Rooms
      2. 10.3.2 Pre-Hospital Care (EMS/Ambulance)
      3. 10.3.3 Military & Disaster Relief Centers
      10.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.4.1 Germany
      2. 10.4.2 United Kingdom
      3. 10.4.3 France
      4. 10.4.4 Spain
      5. 10.4.5 Italy
      6. 10.4.6 Russia
    2. 10.5 Europe Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Device Type:, By Application:, By End User:, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 10.6 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 10.7 Europe Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 10.7.1 Company 1 (Germany)
      2. 10.7.2 Company 2 (United Kingdom)
      3. 10.7.3 Company 3 (United Kingdom)
    11. Asia-Pacific Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 11.1 By Device Type: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.1.1 Battery-Powered IO Devices
      2. 11.1.2 Manual IO Devices
      3. 11.1.3 Semi-Automatic Devices
      11.2 By Application: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.2.1 Cardiac Arrest
      2. 11.2.2 Shock & Trauma
      3. 11.2.3 Emergency Medicine
      4. 11.2.4 Pediatric & Neonatal Care
      11.3 By End User: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.3.1 Hospitals & Emergency Rooms
      2. 11.3.2 Pre-Hospital Care (EMS/Ambulance)
      3. 11.3.3 Military & Disaster Relief Centers
      11.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.4.1 China
      2. 11.4.2 Japan
      3. 11.4.3 India
      4. 11.4.4 South Korea
      5. 11.4.5 Australia & New Zealand
      6. 11.4.6 ASEAN
    2. 11.5 Asia-Pacific Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Device Type:, By Application:, By End User:, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 11.6 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 11.7 Asia-Pacific Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 11.7.1 Company 1 (China)
      2. 11.7.2 Company 2 (Japan)
      3. 11.7.3 Company 3 (Japan)
    12. Latin America Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 12.1 By Device Type: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.1.1 Battery-Powered IO Devices
      2. 12.1.2 Manual IO Devices
      3. 12.1.3 Semi-Automatic Devices
      12.2 By Application: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.2.1 Cardiac Arrest
      2. 12.2.2 Shock & Trauma
      3. 12.2.3 Emergency Medicine
      4. 12.2.4 Pediatric & Neonatal Care
      12.3 By End User: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.3.1 Hospitals & Emergency Rooms
      2. 12.3.2 Pre-Hospital Care (EMS/Ambulance)
      3. 12.3.3 Military & Disaster Relief Centers
      12.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.4.1 Brazil
      2. 12.4.2 Mexico
      3. 12.4.3 Argentina
      4. 12.4.4 Peru
      5. 12.4.5 Colombia
      6. 12.4.6 Rest of Latin America
    2. 12.5 Latin America Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Device Type:, By Application:, By End User:, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 12.6 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 12.7 Latin America Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 12.7.1 Company 1 (Brazil)
      2. 12.7.2 Company 2 (Mexico)
      3. 12.7.3 Company 3 (Mexico)
    13. Middle East and Africa Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 13.1 By Device Type: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.1.1 Battery-Powered IO Devices
      2. 13.1.2 Manual IO Devices
      3. 13.1.3 Semi-Automatic Devices
      13.2 By Application: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.2.1 Cardiac Arrest
      2. 13.2.2 Shock & Trauma
      3. 13.2.3 Emergency Medicine
      4. 13.2.4 Pediatric & Neonatal Care
      13.3 By End User: Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.3.1 Hospitals & Emergency Rooms
      2. 13.3.2 Pre-Hospital Care (EMS/Ambulance)
      3. 13.3.3 Military & Disaster Relief Centers
      13.4 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 13.4.1 Saudi Arabia
      2. 13.4.2 UAE
      3. 13.4.3 South Africa
      4. 13.4.4 Egypt
      5. 13.4.5 Israel
      6. 13.4.6 Rest of Middle East and Africa
    2. 13.5 Middle East and Africa Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Device Type:, By Application:, By End User:, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 13.6 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 13.7 Middle East and Africa Intraosseous Infusion Kits Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 13.7.1 Company 1 (Saudi Arabia)
      2. 13.7.2 Company 2 (UAE)
      3. 13.7.3 Company 3 (UAE)
    14. Competition Landscape
    1. 14.1 Strategic Dashboard of Top Market Players
    2. 14.2 Company Profiles (Introduction, Financial Assessments, Portfolio of Offerings, Milestones and Achievements, Strategic Initiative, and SWOT Analysis)
      1. 14.2.1 Cook Medical
      2. 14.2.2 PAVmed Inc.
      3. 14.2.3 BPB Medica (Biopsybell)
      4. 14.2.4 Becton Dickinson (BD)
      5. 14.2.5 Teleflex (including Pyng Medical)
      6. 14.2.6 PerSys Medical
      7. 14.2.7 Aero Healthcare
      8. 14.2.8 Vidacare
      9. 14.2.9 implox Pty Ltd.
      10. 14.2.10 Baxter International
      11. 14.2.11 Vygon SA
      12. 14.2.12 SonoSite
      13. 14.2.13 Wellspect HealthCare
      14. 14.2.14 Smiths Medical
      15. 14.2.15 ZOLL Medical Corporation
  1. 15. Data Collection Method and Research Approach
  2. 16. Principal Presumptions and Acronyms